Criminal cases involve legal actions taken by the government against individuals or entities accused of committing a crime. These cases typically follow a set legal process and may result in penalties such as fines, probation, imprisonment, or other forms of punishment. Here is an overview of the typical stages of a criminal case:

Investigation:
The criminal justice process often begins with an investigation by law enforcement. This may involve gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and collecting information to determine whether a crime has occurred and who may be responsible.
Arrest:
If law enforcement believes they have sufficient evidence, they may make an arrest. The arrested individual is then taken into custody.
Booking:
After arrest, the individual is typically taken to a police station for booking. This involves recording personal information, taking fingerprints and photographs, and documenting details about the alleged crime.
Initial Appearance:
The arrested person is brought before a court for an initial appearance. During this hearing, the charges are read, and the individual is informed of their rights. The court may also decide on bail during this stage.
Bail Hearing:
If bail is set, the accused may have a bail hearing where the court determines whether they can be released from custody pending trial and, if so, under what conditions.
Arraignment:
The arraignment is a formal court hearing where the accused is informed of the charges against them and asked to enter a plea (guilty, not guilty, or no contest).
Discovery:
Both the prosecution and defense engage in the discovery process, exchanging information and evidence relevant to the case.
Pretrial Motions:
Before the trial, either the prosecution or defense may file motions addressing legal issues such as the admissibility of evidence or the dismissal of charges.
Plea Bargaining:
Prosecutors and defense attorneys may engage in negotiations to reach a plea agreement, where the accused agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a more lenient sentence.
Trial:
If no plea agreement is reached, the case proceeds to trial. The prosecution and defense present their cases, witnesses testify, and evidence is presented. A judge or jury then determines the guilt or innocence of the accused.
Verdict:
If the case goes to trial, the judge or jury delivers a verdict. If the accused is found guilty, a separate sentencing hearing may be scheduled.
Sentencing:
If convicted, the accused is sentenced. Sentences can include fines, probation, community service, imprisonment, or a combination of these penalties.
Appeals:
The accused may have the right to appeal the verdict or sentence if legal errors occurred during the trial.